[8:4] sn Ararat is the Hebrew name for Urartu, the name of a mountainous region located north of Mesopotamia in modern day eastern Turkey. See E. M. Yamauchi, ...

8:13 Gideon son of Joash returned from the battle by the pass of Heres. 8:14 He captured a young man from Succoth and interrogated him. The young man wrote down ...

[9:2] sn The tetragrammaton (the four Hebrew letters which constitute the divine Name, YHWH) appears eight times in this chapter, and nowhere else in the book ...

[8:18] tn Heb “and Sherebiah.” The words “this man was” are not in the Hebrew text, but have been supplied in the translation for clarity and for stylistic ...

[8:7] sn In an oath one appeals to something permanent to emphasize one's commitment to the promise. Here the Lord sarcastically swears by the arrogance of ...

[1:16] tn The Hebrew expression is literally “yet/this/speaking/and this/ arrived.” The sentence uses the two demonstratives as a contrasting pair. It means “ ...

... book does speak directly to Edom. [1:1] sn The name Edom derives from a Hebrew root that means “red.” Edom was located to the south of the Dead Sea in an ...

[8:34] sn Meribbaal is called “Mephibosheth” in 2 Sam 4:4. [8:38] tc The Hebrew text has בֹּכְרוּ (bokhÿru), which some understand as a name ...

The name of Isaiah, the son of Amoz, is the only one connected with the book in any of the Hebrew manuscripts or ancient versions. Josephus, the Jewish ...

[2:7] sn Hadassah is a Jewish name that probably means “myrtle”; the name Esther probably derives from the Persian word for “star,” although some scholars ...